HERNIA

Introduction Hernia is associate abnormal protrusion of internal organs through associate abnormal gap within the wall of the cavity.A combination of raised pressure within the body with weakness within the wall is liable for this condition.In this condition internal organs or elements of organs area unit protruded out forming a swelling which can increase the scale with coughing and lifting weight,and whereas passing stool and water.In lying down position the swelling goes within except in strangulated and irreducible rupture. Causes:- 1, Weakness within the body wall:-- a) inherent weakness. b) nonheritable weakness because of injuries,wasting of muscles,suppurative lesions within the wall and presence of weak natural openings,obesity,lack of exercise,repeated physiological condition. c) surgery with improper stitching or infection of operated web site. 2) raised pressure within the body. a) Chronic constipation. b) repeated cough. c) Weight lifting. d) Stricture of channel. Common sites for hernia:-- Hernia will occure anyplace within the body.However there area unit some common sites for rupture.Due to the presence of laborious bony covering chest wall is often not affected.Hernia within the lower back is additionally rare because of spine and back muscles and difficult ligaments and sheeths.The common web site for rupture is wall.Compared to different elements the wall is weak because of the presence of some natural orifices.There area unit some area unitas whereby the abdominal muscles are weaker and skinny and every one these factors create an opportunity for rupture.The common sites for rupture area unit following. a) region hernia: Here the abdominal contents protrude through the {inguinal canal|canalis regionis|duct|epithelial duct|canal|channel} (passage within the lower wall simply on top of the inguinal ligament.It is seen on either side).This type is common in males.Initially the swelling comes solely whereas straining and goes back whereas lying down. Later the massive portion of gut could commence which can not return simply. b) leg bone hernia: This type of rupture is a lot of in females.Here the abdominal contents meet up with the leg bone canal that is seen slightly below the junction between the thigh and lower abdominal wall(Inside the leg bone triangle).The contents pass downward and comes out through saphenous gap within the thigh and forms a swelling below the skin. c) point hernia: This is common in youngsters.The bellybutton is that the weaker a part of the abdomen.The contents of the abdomen could protrude as a bulb like swelling whereas crying and defecating. d) Incisional hernia: These hernias area unit seen in operated sites. because of improper stitching or infection the operated web site becomes weak leading to rupture. e) Epigastric hernia: Here the hearniation occures within the region. it's a rare sort. f) body part hernia: Here the rupture seem within the body part space on either aspect of the body part spine(in the body part triangle).This is additionally a rare sort. g) prosthetic device hernia: This is a rare form of rupture. Here the contents meet up with prosthetic device hiatus within the girdle bone. Complications of hernia:-- 1) Strangulation: If the hernial opening is slender the abdominal contents might not return simply, and later the blood flow to the herniated tissues is also blocked because of constricition.This can cause death of protruded gut. 2) enteral obstruction: This occures once the full portion of the gut is protruded in to the hernial sac. The slender hernial opening can block the passage of bowels. 3) Infection and peritonitis: If there's strangulation with death of some of gut there'll be unfold of infection to the abdomen leading to redness. Treatment of hernia:-- Initial treatment: within the initial stages of rupture the subsequent steps is also helpful 1) Use of rupture belt: Special sorts of rupture belts area unit obtainable for every form of heania.This will stop the protrusion and can scale back pain. 2) Constipation,recurrent cough,urinary obstruction ECT ought to be treated. 3) Fat reduction can increase the strength of wall. 4) Abdominal exercises to extend the tonus. 5) Take many foliolate vegetables, fruits and fibrous diet for simple viscus movements. 6) strive different systems like homeopathy,Herbal drugs and ECT If no relief by the on top of steps consult a general MD for surgical management. Surgical treatment. The following operations area unit done relying abreast of the kind and nature of rupture. 1) Hertniotomy : during this operation the contents of hernial sac is pushed in to the abdomen and neck of the sac is ligated with transfixion ligature and also the sac is interrupt. 2) Herniorrhaphy: Here together with herniotomy the posterior wall is repaired. 3) Hernioplasty: This operation is finished if herniotomy isn't doable because of wide neck of the sac.Here the repair is finished with the healp of non absorbed materials like metallic element gauze,polypropylene mesh or chrome steel mesh.