PROSTATE CANCER

Introduction:- Prostate may be a organ organ gift solely in males. It surrounds the neck of bladder & the primary a part of canal and condributes a secretion to the seed. The secreter is conic} in shape and measures three cm in vertical diameter and four cm in transversal diameter.It has got 5 lobes anterior,posterior,two lateral and a median lobe.Since the primary a part of the canal meet up with it any lesion within the prostate can turn out issue en passant excreta. Diseases of the prostate gland:- 1) Prostatitis:- This is the inflamation of the ductless gland thanks to microorganism infection. 2) Benign enlargement of the prostate:- This is a non cancerous growth of the prostate seen once the age of fifty. 3,Cancer of the prostate:-This is that the fourth commonest reason for death from malignant diseases in males. Cancer of the prostate. Cancer of the prostate is directly joined with the male sex hormones(androgens).If the amount of steroid will increase the expansion rate of cancer conjointly will increase.It is found that once the removel of testes there's marked reduction within the size of growth. Site of tumour:- Prostate cancer is seen principally within the posterior lobe.Non cancerous enlargement is seen in alternative lobes. Changes within the secreter in cancer:- The secreter becomes laborious with irregular surface with loss of traditional lobulation .Histologically glandular cancer is AN adeno carcinoma(cancer of the animal tissue cells within the gland) Growth :- Growth rate is extremely quick in glandular cancer .The growth compresses the canal and turn out issue in micturition. Spread of tumour:- Metastasis in cancer of prostate is extremely early. 1) native spread:- From the posterior lobe the cancer cells visit the lateral lobes and seminal vesicles.Tumour cells conjointly move to the neck and base of the vesica. 2) humor spread:- Through the humor vessels cancer cells reach the interior and external illiac cluster of humor nodes.From there cells move to retroperitonial(Behind the peritonium) and mediastinal humor nodes(in the chest) 3) unfold through the blood:- Spread of cancer cells takeplace through the periprostatic blood vessel bodily structure and reaches the os veins whereas coughing and sneeze and at last enders the os bodies of the body part vertebrae. Signs and symptoms of prostate cancer:-- Signs and symptoms depend on the stage of the cancer. the subsequent symptoms could also be seen. 1) No symptoms:- Tumour is tiny and solely within the posterior lobe. this is often diagnosed accidentely. 2) Slight issue in urination:- Here the growth is enlarged and canal is slightly compressed.Shortly there'll be frequent urge for micturition with tough micturition. 3) once the growth unfold to all or any near areas as well as neck of bladder and canal there'll be painful micturition with injury.Urine comes drop in drop. 4) Retention of urine:- When the canal is totally compressed there'll be retention of excreta.This can result in pathology, nephropathy ECT.In this condition patient could get convulsions thanks to nephropathy and at last coma. 5) Signs of metastasis:- Some patients accompany the signs and symptoms of metastasis. a) Lumbo sacral pain thanks to unfold of cancer cells to body part and sacral vertebrae. b) Fracture of spine thanks to cancerous growth within the spine. c) Swelling, pain and fluid assortment within the abdomen thanks to lesion within the abdomen. d) metabolism complaints thanks to cancer of mediastinal lymphnodes and lungs. e) General weakness thanks to unfold of cancer to completely different components of the body. f) Anaemia thanks to involment of bone marrow and inflated destruction of RBCs. Clinical examination :- Includes per body part examination to feel the ductless gland,palpation of abdomen to feel the swelling in kidneys and any tumours.Patient is examined from head to foot to seek out out any lesions. Investigations:- 1) Complete blood investigations;- RBC,WBC,Platlets,ESR,bleeding time ,clotting time ECT. 2) excreta analysis:- Microscopic examination to observe pus cells,occult blood,casts,Crystals ECT. 3) excretory organ perform tests:- Blood organic compound level,serum creatinine level,electrolyte level ECT. 4) humor acid phosphatase:- Increased in cancer of prostate. 5) x-ray of the spine:- To observe any growth or fracture. 6) extremist sonography;- Gives plan regarding prostate,bladder,kidney ect. 7) C T scan:- More elaborate data regarding organs and growth. 8) magnetic resonance imaging of the spine:- Gives elaborate data regarding spine ,disc and near soft tissues. 9) Lymphangiography:- Gives plan regarding humor unfold of cancer. 10) diagnostic assay to substantiate cancer:- Biopsy is taken from the growth and is tell histopathological examination beneath the magnifier.This will observe the presence of cancer cells. Treatment:- 1) If there's retention of excreta catheterisation is required. 2) chemical analysis if renal failure. 3) If there's coma observation of all very important functions together with parentral nutrition and electolyte offer. 4) Specific treatment is prostatectomy(removal of prostate) Partial cutting out :- Here solely the affected lobe is removed. Radical cutting out :- Total removal of prostate together with near lymphnodes. 5, internal secretion medical care :- Stilbestrol is given to cut back growth growth.Since this treatement will increase the prospect for upset phosphorylated diethyle nonsteroidal is employed today. 6) Chemotherapy:-Drugs like cyclophosphamide, cisoplatim ECT area unit given. 7) actinotherapy is additionally in deep trouble some cases. 8) Homoeopathy:- Homoeopathic medication like carcinocin, conium, sabal, crotalus, thuja, iodum, selinium, staphysagria, sulphur ECT will be given in step with symptoms.Constitutional homoeopathic drugs can provide nice relief and might increase the life. 9) Yoga and meditation is additionally healpful.